AZI2 and melanoma: As shown in Supplementary Figs. 11, 12, all tested compounds, including VH032 + Alk-TIn, VH032-Azi1 + Alk-TIn, VH032-Azi2 + Alk-TIn, and VH032-Azi3 + Alk-TIn, displayed negligible cytotoxicity against both melanoma cell lines under the 25 μM concentration.