GFAP and brain injury: The astrocyte-associated intermediate filament protein glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has shown considerable promise as a blood-based biomarker for the detection of intracranial pathology following acute brain injuries (Ebner et al. 2020; Gaude et al. 2021; Kalra et al. 2021; Durrani et al. 2024).