CLOCK and Other metabolic disease: As the core system regulating metabolism, immunity, and cardiovascular function, the host’s circadian rhythm is coordinated by the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and peripheral clocks distributed throughout the body.24 Disruptions in this system are closely associated with metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases.25 Notably, the gut microbiota, as a crucial peripheral clock, forms a unique bidirectional regulatory network with the host circadian clock.