INS and Insulin resistance: Moreover, gut dysbiosis induced by the insulin receptor antagonist S961 led to a reduction in bacterial diversity, increased intestinal permeability, a higher abundance of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria (Enterobacteriaceae), decreased abundances of Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance, which were related to impaired insulin signaling that leads to chronic low-grade inflammation [81].