Furthermore, the ability to differentiate the T2DM–DR from the T2DM + DR based on AH cytokine profiles (e.g., IL-1β, bFGF, GM-CSF, VEGF) suggests potential utility for early risk stratification and monitoring treatment responses in clinical practice [60,61,62,63,64]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.