TGFB1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: All three isoforms are overexpressed in pancreatic cancer compared to normal pancreatic tissue, but to varying degrees: pancreatic adenocarcinomas showed 11- (p < 0.001), 7- (p < 0.05), and 9-fold (p < 0.001) increases in the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels encoding TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3, respectively [8].