In addition, CCA-derived-EV-miR-183-5p induces overexpression of VEGF by mast cells, promoting neoangiogenesis, as well as protumorigenic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin E receptor 1 (PTGER1) [81,82,97,124,125]. This evidence concerns the gene PTGER1 and cholangiocarcinoma.