ACTA1 and cholangiocarcinoma: It is observed that HuCCT1-derived EVs, which are a population of vesicles that are derived from the HuCCT1 CCA line, highly contain CXCL-1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, fibroblast activation protein, CCL2, as well as IL-6, with the latter acting as a growth factor for CCA.