TGFB1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Additionally, BCA101, a bifunctional EGFR/TGFβ inhibitor, combined with pembrolizumab, yielded a 48% ORR in first-line R/M HNSCC, particularly in HPV-negative patients (65%), with a tolerable safety profile marked by acneiform rash (Table 2) [121].