This is combined with a critical assessment of the suitability for the regulatory application of currently available test method tools and is corroborated by the key biomarkers of, e.g., MAPK, mTOR, PD-L1, TIL and Tregs, CD8+, FoxP3+, WNT, IL-17, IL-11, IL-10, and TNFα, as identified from robust cancer biopsy studies. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cancer.