According to RNA-sequencing data, lung squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, bladder urothelial carcinoma, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, endocervical adenocarcinoma, and kidney chromophobe were classified into the HCAR3 expression-enriched group (https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000255398-HCAR3/cancer, accessed on 24 April 2025). Here, HCAR3 is linked to squamous cell lung carcinoma.