Bortezomib increases osteogenesis via the WNT-independent activation of β-catenin/TCF signaling; while osteonecrosis is a recognized toxicity associated with bisphosphonate use, denosumab, a RANKL-neutralizing antibody, is given to patients with renal failure (a complication of MM) but increases the risk of osteonecrosis [28]. Here, HNF4A is linked to osteonecrosis.