This exclusion may result from the downregulation of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, ICAM-2, E-selectin, VCAM-1) driven by tumor-derived pro-angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is upregulated in response to hypoxic conditions within the TME [23,24]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is neoplasm.