TIGIT and neoplasm: Loss of tumor antigen expression Mutations in IFN-γ/JAK/STAT pathway (e.g., JAK1/2 mutations) Upregulation of alternative immune checkpoints (e.g., LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT) Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (e.g., Tregs, MDSCs, TAMs) Activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling leading to T-cell exclusion