The prognostic model constructed in this study incorporated 15 tumor-cell-specific genes (SRSF7, NQO1, APCS, NUPR1, SCARB1, DAB2, ANG, PPP2R1B, C1S, SERPINE1, GADD45G, ITIH1, PDK4, HSP90AA1, SAT1) associated with progression and treatment resistance. Here, PDK4 is linked to neoplasm.