To our knowledge, these effects of itaconate and its derivatives have not been tested in proper models of AMD; however, importantly, the in vitro results reported above are comforted by the observation in vivo that both 4-OI and DMI inhibit proinflammatory cytokines production, Th-17 T cells differentiation and cytokines expression and reduced disease severity in experimental autoimmune uveitis through Nrf2 activation [86,87]. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and age-related macular degeneration.