Discussing the reasons behind these opposite effects of Nrf2 in these different indications is beyond the scope of this review, but it could be hypothesized that the hyperproliferative status of cancer cells versus the non-proliferative status of the quiescent RPE and photoreceptors that are the major cell populations in the human retina degenerating during AMD could explain this discrepancy. The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is age-related macular degeneration.