Annotations: DCX cells, which are widely accepted markers of newly generated granule cells [43]; polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a neuroplasticity marker, which may prove to be a potential target to facilitate repair/regeneration after CNS injury [44]; SGZ, where NSCs of the hippocampal DG undergo self-renewal, proliferation, migration, and differentiation [45]; amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, which are the main characteristic of AD pathology in the brain, and their density can characterize the pathological process of AD [46]. The gene discussed is CHL1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.