Studies have shown that other NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, naproxen or diclofenac, which are commonly used for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, are capable of modulating apoptosis by affecting annexin V and caspases 3/7 and 9 in cholangiocarcinoma and liver cancer cells [49,50,51]. Here, ANXA5 is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.