HSPB1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: For example, in non-small cell lung cancer, tRNA-derived small RNA AStDR-007333 promotes tumor progression by activating the HSPB1/MED29 and ELK4/MED29 axes, achieving an AUC of 0.9379 for distinguishing tumor patients from healthy individuals, thereby indicating its substantial potential as a candidate tumor diagnostic biomarker [14].