In a transgenic mouse model of spontaneous atrial fibrillation driven by cardiac-specific overexpression of the cAMP response element modulator (CREM), targeted silencing of Nlrp3 using the adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-mediated delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) effectively abrogated the development of AF [19]. Here, NLRP3 is linked to atrial fibrillation.