CXCL9 and neoplasm: Zhang et al. found that APS can enhance the efficacy of CAR-T therapy in liver cancer by activating the STAT5 signalling pathway, promoting the formation and maintenance of CD122+/CXCR3+/PD-1 memory T cells, reducing inhibitory PD-1+ subpopulations, and increasing the expression of CXCL9/CXCL10 chemokines in the tumour microenvironment.