The database search was conducted by combining the search terms “APS,” “Liver cancer and Traditional Chinese Medicine,” “Immunomodulation,” “Apoptosis,” “Signalling pathways,” “PI3K/AKT/mTOR,” “anti-liver cancer mechanisms,” and “Applications of APS” with terms such as “Source,” “Chemistry,” “Biological activity,” “Medicinal use,” “Pharmacokinetics,” and “Toxicity profile.”. Here, AKT1 is linked to liver cancer.