In accordance with the current guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) from 2023, patients with CKD stage 3 are recommended to have an LDL-C target of 70 mg/dL (ApoB 80 mg/dL; non-HDL-C 100 mg/dL), while CKD patients in stage 4–5 are assigned to the high-risk cohort with an individual treatment goal for LDL-C below 55 mg/dL (ApoB 65 mg/dL; non-HDL-C 85 mg/dL) [54]. Here, APOB is linked to chronic kidney disease.