Purpose: To investigate the role of the kynurenine pathway (KP) in ocular diseases by evaluating the activity of key enzymes—kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) and kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO)—and the 3-hydroxykynurenine to kynurenic acid (3-HK/KYNA) ratio in relation to cataract severity, diabetes, glaucoma, and pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEXS). This evidence concerns the gene KMO and glaucoma.