Evidence suggests that Galectin-3—a protein central to cell communication, immune regulation, and inflammation, and implicated in the pathology of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis—also enhances HIV infection by cross-linking the virus to host cells and contributes to brain atrophy in PLWH [24,25,26,27,28]. This evidence concerns the gene LGALS3 and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.