In terms of metabolic parameters, women with GDM had significantly elevated fasting glucose levels (95.6 ± 12.3 vs. 85.2 ± 10.5 mg/dL, p < 0.001), fasting insulin levels (12.4 ± 4.5 vs. 8.5 ± 3.2 μU/mL, p < 0.001), and higher HOMA-IR scores (2.9 ± 1.1 vs. 1.8 ± 0.7, p < 0.001). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is gestational diabetes.