However, no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed for any of the analyzed proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, in the comparison of PCOS patients with C. trachomatis infection with PCOS patients and co-infection with three atypical pathogens, C. trachomatis, genital Mycoplasma spp. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.