The immune response with the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, observed in response to infection with C. trachomatis, M. hominis, and Ureaplasma spp., induces or amplifies inflammation by activating immune cells or controlling infection, but may lead to the facilitation of the survival of pathogenic microorganisms and irreversible damage to fallopian tube tissues. Here, IL1B is linked to infection.