IFNB1 and neoplasm: Type I interferons (IFNs), including IFN-α, pegylated IFN-α, and IFN-β, are believed to enhance anti-tumor activity in melanoma through various immune mechanisms, such as increasing tumor-infiltrating immune cells, reducing circulating regulatory T cells (Tregs), and altering the STAT1/STAT3 signaling balance in tumor cells [10].