In two independent cohorts of patients (n = 237 and n = 461) treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1, KEAP1 clonal inactivation and the loss of heterozygosity (KEAP1 C-LOH) showed shorter PFS and OS compared to wild-type patients, whereas no significance was observed between patients with KEAP1 subclonal mutations or partial inactivation and those with wild-type tumours [73]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.