VEGFA and neoplasm: TACE can induce vascular embolization and tumor ischemic necrosis and create a hypoxic environment within the tumor, leading to upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) [12,13], promoting the production of angiogenetic growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and stimulating tumor angiogenesis [12,13].