The primary goals of NAT in breast cancer are increasing rates of BCS; evaluating tumor response to systemic therapy in vivo, which can provide prognostic information and guide subsequent treatment decisions; improving long-term outcomes, particularly in aggressive subtypes like triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancers; and providing an opportunity for translational research to identify biomarkers of response and resistance [19,20]. The gene discussed is ERBB2; the disease is breast carcinoma.