In a recent analysis of TOP1501, a single-arm phase II study of perioperative pembrolizumab in 30 surgically resectable Stage IB–IIIA NSCLC patients, the mean plasma PCSK9 level was statistically significantly higher at the completion of the neoadjuvant pembrolizumab and surgery treatment. The gene discussed is PCSK9; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.