TNF and cardiovascular disorder: Inflamed PVAT contributes to the progression of cardiovascular disease by increasing the expression of vasoregulatory pro-inflammatory adipokines, including primarily TNF-α, leptin, and MCP-1, and dysregulating the renin–angiotensin system, as well as decreasing the secretion of anti-inflammatory adipokines, such as adiponectin and IL-10 [15,24,25,26,38,39,40,41].