Specifically, folate and vitamin B12 deficiency may lead to elevated levels of deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) in the nucleotide pool, followed by genomic uracil incorporation and the removal of uracil residues by uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG)-initiated BER, which can result in the accumulation of DNA strand breaks [215,216]. Here, UNG is linked to vitamin B12 deficiency.