In this study, the histopathological examination of bovine uterine tissues and RT-qPCR analysis of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) revealed that the endometritis group exhibited significantly upregulated expressions of antioxidant stress factors (GPx1, SOD, CAT) (p < 0.05), consistent with prior reports. The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is endometritis.