We found that co-culture of tumor cells and macrophages did not affect the VEGF-A mRNA levels in macrophages (Supplementary Fig. 2A), indicating that the increase in VEGF-A protein found in the conditioned medium was due to increased secretion of stored intracellular VEGF-A in the macrophages, not also caused by an increase in VEGF-A mRNA expression. Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.