We further found that blocking tumor-derived CSF-1 increased the levels of VEGF-A staining within TMEM doorway macrophages (Fig. 5F, G), consistent with the results from in vitro experiments demonstrating that CSF-1 signaling can induce VEGF-A secretion from macrophages and that blocking CSF-1 signaling causes macrophages to retain VEGF-A intracellularly (Fig. 3). This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and neoplasm.