To control for any differences in signaling between species in our xenogenic assay, we also co-cultured the human-derived monocyte THP-1 cell line, after differentiating into macrophages, with human MDA-MB-231 tumor cells or conditioned media, and found the tumor cells and conditioned media increased the secretion of VEGF-A by the THP-1 cells (Supplementary Fig. 1E–G). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is neoplasm.