Moreover, Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed positive correlations between neutrophils and TNFAIP3 and negative correlations between macrophages M0 and PRDX1. In our single-cell validation dataset, immune cell types, such as T cells, macrophages, NK cells, and B cells, were associated with TNFAIP3, which exhibited high expression levels in IPAH. This evidence concerns the gene TNFAIP3 and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.