GSE33463, containing 30 IPAH and 41 healthy PBMC samples, showed lower expression of TNFAIP3. Moreover, in neurodegenerative diseases associated with systemic inflammation, basal TNFAIP3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes is significantly lower than in healthy individuals60. This evidence concerns the gene TNFAIP3 and neurodegenerative disease.