Among the 37 modifiable risk factors, genetically predicted body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, visceral adiposity, childhood BMI, apolipoprotein A-I levels, apolipoprotein B levels, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, type 2 diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, smoking initiation, lifetime smoking index, alcohol consumption, leisure screen time, and insomnia were significantly associated with AF risk after Bonferroni correction (Fig. 5). Here, APOA1 is linked to atrial fibrillation.