Women with intra-amniotic infection, sterile intra-amniotic inflammation, colonization and negative amniotic fluid had differing progranulin levels, both in the crude analysis (infection: median 51.8 pg/mL, IQR 39.8–76.7; sterile: median 52.8 pg/mL, IQR 43.0-52.8; colonization: median 36.4 pg/mL, IQR 26.8–36.4; negative 35.0 pg/mL, IQR 29.9–42.7; p < 0.0001; Fig. 1A) and after adjustment for gestational age (p = 0.002). The gene discussed is GRN; the disease is infection.