A total of 86 related signaling pathways were obtained through KEGG enrichment analysis, among which those related to RA autophagy included FoxO signaling pathway, Necroptosis, NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway, Apoptosis, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, etc. (Fig 4C and 4D). Here, AGER is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.