A different recent clinical study indicated a 12-week intervention with two single-strain probiotics (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 or Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in subjects with mild and moderate AD could improve the serum concentration of GSH, IL-10, and reduce the serum concentration of 8-OHdG, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6, possibly through producing epigenetic metabolites like butyric acid and propionic acid [123]. Here, TNF is linked to Alzheimer disease.