In another study, both patients with SCZ and major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibited reduced levels of acetic acid, isobutyric acid, and propionic acid, which were associated with higher Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores, increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduced levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-37 and IL-10) [70]. Here, IL37 is linked to major depressive disorder.