TGFB1 and COVID-19: Similarly, previous studies have demonstrated that inactivated COVID-19 vaccination can elicit inflammatory responses, albeit weaker ones than those seen with SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by the production of cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β1, which play key roles in both immune responses and folliculogenesis (26, 27).