PTEN and ovarian cancer: There is a paradoxical effect observed in cisplatin-sensitive (A2780) vs. cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells (A2780 cis) when NAC is administered [23], with NAC having an anti-apoptotic effect, particularly in A2780 cells, by exclusively expressing the apoptotic inhibitor protein XIAP [14] while in A2780 cis cells, NAC primarily inhibits the PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway through phosphorylation of PTEN and ULK1 to inhibit the autophagy initiation [14] (Figure 1).