We have also reported that DCS modulates excitatory factors such as the expression of the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) (6), glutamate release, calcium levels (70), and Na-K ATPase pump expression and activity (3) which was found impaired in patients with ALS (45). This evidence concerns the gene SLC12A2 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.