MAPK3 and carcinoma: In addition, formononetin regulates the tumor microenvironment by inactivating the ERK1/2 pathway and nuclear fibrillar protein A/C signaling, and has been reported to inactivate the JAK/STAT, PKB or AKT, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, and to inhibit cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in human carcinoma cells (36).