CSF1R and central nervous system cancer: Several preclinical studies have demonstrated the value of anti-CD40 agonist treatment in reprogramming GAMs and boosting anti-tumor immunity, e.g. in combination with CSF-1R blockade (88), IL-6 inhibition (89) or with the microtubule-disrupting agent lisavanbulin (BAL101553) in treating ICI-resistant glioma (90).