TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Liu et al. revealed that in patients who developed ARDS after orthotopic liver transplantation, levels of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-8, as well as oxidative stress markers like MDA, NO, H2O2, and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, were significantly higher compared to those who did not develop ARDS (Liu et al., 2015).