studies showed that SCFAs inhibit the activation of autoreactive B cells by upregulating Tregs (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) (Zhang et al., 2024), reducing the production of anti-SSA/SSB antibodies, lowering serum levels of IL-17 and IFN-γ in SS patients, and suppressing glandular destruction driven by Th1/Th17 (Szymula et al., 2014). Here, CD4 is linked to synovial sarcoma.