ANO1 and glomerulosclerosis: Dysfunctional ClCs, including calcium-activated TMEM16A (ANO1) and volume-regulated VRAC (LRRC8), trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation, excessive ROS production, and TGF-β/Smad-driven epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), promoting glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis (116).