CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: One study of 97 patients with NSCLC who were under 65 years old in China found these patients to have a lower expression of immune-related genes indicating reduced immune system activation, suggesting a lower response to immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitors/ICIs), though PD-L1 expression level among younger and older patients with NSCLC was similar (70) (this study did not control for tobacco exposure).