Given the two-sided nature of insulin, to elucidate the effects of insulin treatment on the regulation of gene expression in type 2 diabetes, we utilized RNA sequencing for the first time to investigate the molecular changes induced by insulin treatment and performed a combined dry-lab and wet-lab methodology [13] to perform a bioinformatics analysis on the transcriptome of PBMCs in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.