CXCL10 and infection: Interestingly, we observed a non-significant increase in IP-10 expression following HRV-1b infection and AZM treatment, a finding consistent with Schögler et al. (Schögler et al., 2015), which suggests that the role of IP-10 in AZM treatment remains complex, with some studies suggesting an enhancement of immune responses (Schögler et al., 2015; Taima et al., 2006), while others report a suppressive effect (Kuo et al., 2019).