Similarly, qPCR analysis conducted on tumor tissues highlights a strong downregulation of genes involved in invasion (i.e. SNAIL, VIM, ZEB1, ZEB2), cancer stem cells (CD133, EpCAM, NANOG, SOX2, KLF4, OCT4) and HH pathway (ABCB1, GLI2, BCL2, VEGF-A) in the combo group compared to single drug treatments (Fig. 7G). Here, VIM is linked to cancer.